The paper focuses on the social differences in the attitudes toward female or male voluntary childlessness in Bulgaria and their dynamics over time. The analysis is based on data from the European Social Survey conducted in 2006 and 2018 in Bulgaria. By the means of multinomial logistic regression, we test the effect of the period, gender, age, marital status, number of children, education, employment, minority status and religiosity on the childlessness attitudes. The results reveal a trend of decrease in the negative attitudes and strongly increasing neutrality. Higher age is associated with an increase of the negative attitudes toward voluntary childlessness rather than neutrality. Women are significantly more likely to accept voluntary childlessness than to be neutral compared to men. Respondents who are married, parents, lowly educated, jobless or economically inactive, people belonging to ethnic minority groups and highly religious people are more likely to disapprove of voluntary childlessness. The perceptions on female or male voluntary childlessness are significantly correlated with the attitudes towards extramarital fertility, cohabitation, divorces when children are under twelve years and full-time female employment when children are below three years. The analysis of variance reveals that the individuals who accept or are neutral to voluntary childlessness have stronger non-conformist attitudes emphasizing self-expression, having a good time, and rejection of traditional authorities compared to the respondents with negative attitudes.