Studies have examined the role of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder (P-PTSD) and psychological resilience in the quality of the mother-infant bond. The contact between mother and baby has also important role to improve motherinfant bond. 206 mothers of preterm babies and 446 mothers of full-term babies (age of babies ranges between 1-18 months) recruited to the study between March 2018 and April 2019. The Parental Bonding Instrument, Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire II, Mother Infant Contact Barriers Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Maternal Attachment Inventory were administered. Path analyses showed that parental attachment was positively associated with psychological resilience, negatively associated with mother infant contact barriers and P-PTSD and psychological resilience was associated positively with maternal bonding. Mother infant contact barriers and maternal bonding was negatively associated in full-term group whereas no significant association in preterm group and P-PTSD and maternal bonding was associated positively in preterm group whereas no significant association in full-term group. Mediation analysis demonstrated that psychological resilience significantly mediated the relationship between parental attachment and maternal bonding. For preterm group, P-PTSD had a mediator role whereas mother infant contact barriers did not and for full-term group, mother infant contact barriers had a mediator role whereas P-PTSD did not in this relationship. Multiple-group path analysis showed that the relationship between psychological resilience and maternal bonding was significantly stronger in preterm group, and the relationship between mother infant contact barriers and maternal bonding was significantly stronger in full-term group. Our results suggest that it is important to provide qualified maternal attachment to own mother, to actualize mother-baby contact from the first moments as possible, to define and lessen P-PTSD symptoms and to enhance psychological resilience of mothers for improving the mother-infant bond.